Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) German politician and leader of National Socialist German Workers Party. Thinker of Nazism.

He was a German soldier in Wold War I. But he was a leader in World War II…

He took control in Germany anda get the name Fuhrer (leader). He managed Germany 1934 until 1945. After lose of WW II he suicided.

He believe German Nationalism, for this politic he killed many innocent people.

His book Mein Kampf is a famous book, it translated many language.

Also known as Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg, Prince of Bismarck.

He is important person for German history. He made unite German nation state and established basic of Deutschland, modern Germany.

He born Sogut in 1258 and died in Sogut 1326.

Osman I (Ottoman I), was founder and faction leader of Ottoman Empire. After him his dynasty Ottomans would most powerful empires in World History. He declared independence from Seljuks in 1299. He established his own small Sultanate. He knows his Ghazi warriors and dervishes.

His nickname was Black -in Turkish Kara-

After his death (1326) his son Orhan I take control of Dynasty.

سلجوقيان / Salcūkiyān
السلاجقة / al-Salācike

The Great Seljuk Empire was a rite empire (some resources says Sunni Islam, but it is not true at all, because it was traditional Turkish-Persian (Turko-Persian) empire. Seljuks established by “Seljuk Beg” a Oghuz Turk. He controlled a part of Hindi Kush and Central Asia.

After Seljuk his grandsons Tugrul and Chagri Beg manage country. Big one, Tugrul Beg manage state, Chagri was managing army. They won the battle -Dandanaqan- against Ghazni for Khorosan and west Asia. After the battle Seljuks have largest state. In 1055 Togrul captured Abbasis Baghdad from Shias.

After death of Tugrul beg, Alp Arslan -son of Chagri- managed country. He capture Armenia and Georgia in 1064, and he attacked Byzantine for Anatolia.

In 1071 he won Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (Roman Diogenes) in battle of Manzikert. And settled Anatolia. He ordered his general to conquer Anatolia to establish his own hackneyed.

After death of AlpArslan his son Malik Shah take control of country with his two Persian viziers (asistant) Nizam Al Mulk, Taj Al Mulk. He moved the Seljuks capital Rayy to Isfahan.  Nizāmīyyah University at Baghdad and Iqta (military system) were established by his vizier Nizam Al-mulk.

However, The Assassins (Hashshashin) of Hassan-e Sabāh killed many important figures in Seljuks. And seljuks become weaken. After disband of Great Suljuks,  Sulayman I of rum (son of Kutalmis) establised his dynasty Anatolian Seljuks, Sultanate of Rum

he was a English King. He had a war against Saladin, he lost the war.

Genghis was a member of Mongol Dynasty, he establish his own mongol empire. After his death he diveded his empire to sons in Kurultai cause of tradition.

The First Crusade was started in 1096 by Pope Urban II. He invented all Catholics to this war. They aimed capture holy lands and become a rich fram east.

Holy Roman Empire, Genoa, Lower Lorraine Provence Kingdom of France Blois Boulogne Flanders Le Puy-en-Velay Vermandois Kingdom of England Normandy Duchy of Apulia Taranto Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Cilicia support this war against Muslims.

Seljuks,  Danishmends, Fatimids, Almoravids, Abbasids, from Muslims give a hard battles against crusaders, but crusaders beat Muslims. Seljuks capitol captured by Christs. Lots of Muslim city ravaged. Holy Lands occopyied by Christs.

Reasons:

- Christs wanted stop Muslim’ s growings.

- Kings wanted have a new countries.

- Trades wanted new trade ways like silkroad.

- Seniors and knight wanted new feudal states in East.

Salah Ad Din Ayyubi (Saladin) won the battle agains Kingdom of Jerusalem
Knights Templar in July 4, 1187.

After this war Jeruselam re-conquered. And be a safe zone for muslims.

This war caused Third Crusade.

Plebs was second powerful class in Rome. They couldn’t manage Rome but they had some economic and social rights. They could do trade and farming. But in social life they can’t marry with a Patrician. And they can’t be a member of Senate.